College Survival Guide

academic concentration
Specialization in one academic discipline or field of study. See also major.

academic year
Refers to an academic school year that is divided into four quarters beginning with summer quarter; followed by fall, winter and spring quarters.

accreditation
Certification that a school or an instructional program meets standards set by an outside reviewing organization. Many forms of financial aid are available only to students attending accredited institutions.

admission
Approval for a student to attend an educational institution. The admission process usually involves an application and may require transcripts or other supporting documents.

application
The first step in requesting admission to an institution of higher education. Usually there is a form to fill out by a certain deadline; sometimes there is an application fee to pay.

articulation
A formal agreement between high schools and colleges or between community/technical colleges and other four-year colleges or universities, designed to make it easy for students to move from one educational level to the next without any gaps or repetition in their coursework. Articulation agreements may help students transition into the institution as a whole, or into specific programs at junior status in a specific major.

assessment
A method used to determine a student’s knowledge or skill level, often through an exam, to identify the most appropriate starting point in a sequence of courses such as English, world languages, math or science. At CBC, assessment also refers to the evaluation of skills and abilities as part of the college’s general education learning outcomes.

associate degree
A diploma earned after successfully completing a required program of study in a community or technical college. It typically requires 90 or more credits and takes two years of full-time study. Some associate degrees enable students to continue on to bachelor's degrees, others prepare students to go directly into the workforce in a professional/technical field.

asynchronous online
Course instruction is provided online without specific days and times assigned to the class. All students are expected to complete coursework online according to the deadlines set by the course instructor.

audit
A student who audits a course formally registers for it and attends class sessions but earns no credit and has no obligation to complete homework projects or take tests.

baccalaureate or bachelor’s degree
A college degree that can often be earned by following a four-year instructional program. It typically requires 180 or more credits.

campus
The land and buildings that a college or university uses for instruction or student services.

catalog
A comprehensive resource publication that lists college regulations, program and course descriptions, degree and graduation requirements, transfer requirements and other essential information.

centering equity
This means that an organization has prioritized equity as a core value; this also means that it is the center of learning, teaching, student success as well as the organization’s employees’ success. It involves our ways of being and ways of doing that ensure we meet people where they are on their educational journey to ensure that all students have access to and participate in quality robust learning opportunities. Educators are intentionally making sure that students' perspectives and lived experiences are represented and considered in curriculum content, decision making, and the focus on institutional practices to ensure successful outcomes for students.  

certificate
A document granted by a college or university indicating that a student has successfully completed specified courses and requirements (compare with degree, which usually requires more time and coursework).

class
(1) A specific group of students meeting for specific instructional purposes. It can mean the whole series of scheduled meetings (Dr. Owen is teaching two English Composition classes this quarter) or just one session (we had a guest speaker in my Economics class today).
(2) Often means the same as course (she’s taking classes in Welding Technology).
(3) A group of students who start at a school together and expect to complete their studies at the same time (he’s in the graduating class of 2025).

class permissions
A code that students receive from the division office allowing them to register for a class that requires permission for a variety of reasons. Some examples include permission required, not meeting a prerequisite, overloading the class capacity, and enrolling after the last day to register for a class. 

class schedule
(1) A publication listing detailed course and section information (instructional modalities, days, times, room numbers, etc.) for a specific semester or quarter. The published schedule is subject to change. Students should check their schedule to confirm details.
(2) The specific courses that an individual student is taking or plans to take for a given semester or quarter.

college-level study
Curricula and instruction that assume the student has already mastered certain skills and abilities and has the level of commitment needed for postsecondary schoolwork. Compare to developmental-level study. At CBC, college-level courses are numbered 100 or above.

commencement
The ceremony at the end of an academic year when students receive their degrees or diplomas (compare to graduation).

common course numbering
The Common Course Numbering system identifies courses that are commonly shared among Washington community and technical colleges. Visit the Washington State Board for Community and Technical Colleges website for more information.

competency
In competency-based courses or instructional programs, students must demonstrate certain skills and abilities (instead of just earning passing grades in classes) before moving from one level to the next or earning the final certificate or degree.

completion coach
A staff member who assists students with planning academic schedules as well as their overall programs of study. Completion coaches may also help with career planning, connection to campus/community resources, and general student success. See also counselor.

contract day
A day faculty members are expected to be engaged in teaching activities or other designated activities as part of their annual 176-day contract.

counselor
A member of the college faculty who has special training in guidance and who assists students in academic or personal matters. See also completion coach.

course
(1) Often means the same as class.
(2) A planned sequence of instruction in a particular topic; may include class meetings, lectures, readings, demonstrations, exercises, assignments, examinations, etc.; offered repeatedly to different groups of students.

credit
A unit of measure for college work. Generally speaking, one credit hour represents one hour of classroom instruction each week for one term, plus the study time, homework, etc. that go along with it. At CBC, credits are measured on a quarterly basis unless otherwise noted.

credit load
The total credit value of the courses a student is currently enrolled in.

cross-listed course
A single course which is offered for credit in more than one academic discipline. A student may not use equivalent cross-listed courses for the same graduation requirement.

curriculum (plural: curricula)
(1) An established sequence of information to be learned, skills to be acquired, etc. in a specific course or in a complete instructional program.
(2) Collectively, all the courses offered by a department, division or college.

dean
An academic administrator or official at a school, college or university, especially one with responsibility for students or faculty.

degree
A rank conferred by a college or university and earned by a student who has successfully completed specified courses and requirements (compare with certificate, which usually requires less time and coursework).

department
An organizational unit within a college or university, offering courses about closely related topics (at a small school there may be one world languages department, at a large school there may be separate departments for Spanish, French, Japanese, etc.).

developmental skills
Usually refers to a level of competency—specifically in reading, writing and mathematics—which is required for successful college-level work in all fields of study.

developmental-level study
Instruction that helps students improve their English, math, and reading abilities and prepare them for college-level study. At CBC, developmental-level courses are numbered 99 or below.

diploma
An official document issued by a college or university indicating that a student has earned a certain degree or certificate.

distribution requirements
Course requirements included in an instructional program to make sure that the student is well-rounded and gains some perspective outside their specific focus or major.

diversity
All the ways in which people differ, and it encompasses all the different characteristics that make one individual or group different from another.

division
An organizational unit within a college or university consisting of two or more related departments.

drop
To cancel registration in a course after enrolling into it. Students often add and drop courses before settling on a class schedule for a particular quarter. See also withdrawal.

dynamic dated session/classes
Classes with dynamic dated sessions are classes that don't follow the academic deadlines. They may start/end on different dates and have different deadlines.

educational equity
Every student receives what they need to develop their full academic and social potential. When we work towards equity, we are ensuring equally high outcomes for all participants in our educational system by removing the predictability of success or failures that currently correlates with any social or cultural factor (such as race, gender identity, age, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, home language, nationality, religion or other dimensions of identity); This requires us to interrupt inequitable practices, examine biases, and create inclusive multicultural educational environments. 

ELA (English Language Acquisition)
Usually refers to developmental-level instruction in English language skills for non-native speakers.

elective
A course that is not required for a particular instructional program. Many programs require a certain number of elective credits, and many recommend certain electives for students to choose from.

enrollment
(1) The process of signing up and paying for courses. See also registration.
(2) The total number of registered students attending classes in a particular instructional program or the whole school.

evaluation
(1) The process and standards by which an instructor judges a student’s work and assigns a grade.
(2) At CBC, the process of determining that a student has met all requirements to complete a degree or certificate and is ready to graduate.

face-to-face
Course instruction is provided at a specific location on a specific day and time in person. All students are expected to meet in real time at scheduled class times, in-person, in an on-campus location.

faculty
The instructors or teaching staff at a school. At CBC, librarians and counselors are considered faculty members along with classroom instructors.

final exam or finals
An assessment administered at the end of a term or course to evaluate a student's knowledge and understanding of the material covered. The final examination shall make up no more than 33% of the course grade.

financial aid
Money available from various sources to help students pay college expenses. These funds come as loans, grants or scholarships from the state or federal government or other organizations. Work Study is also a form of financial aid.

FAFSA (Free Application for Federal Student Aid)
The application required for students to be considered for federal student financial aid. The FAFSA is processed free of charge and is used by most state agencies and colleges. A new electronic application is required for each academic year. FAFSA applications are available at fafsa.gov.

freshman
A student in the first year of a typical four-year bachelor's degree program (or one who has earned fewer than 45 quarter credits or 30 semester credits so far).

GED® (General Education Development)
A certificate representing the equivalent of a high-school diploma.

general education
At CBC, a set of requirements designed to help every graduating student achieve competence in a variety of learning outcome areas.

grade
A formal indicator of a student’s overall performance in a course, recorded on the official transcript. Traditional letter grades are A for outstanding achievement, B for high achievement, C for satisfactory achievement, etc.

grade point average (GPA)
The GPA is computed by multiplying the number value of the grade earned in each course (generally, A=4, B=3, C=2, D=1, F=0) times the number credits for each course, then dividing the result by the total number of credits taken.

graduation
The formal completion of an instructional program or course of study. Students graduate after successfully meeting all credit and course requirements and other criteria set by the college or university (compare to commencement).

grant
A type of financial aid that does not have to be paid back after the student leaves school. Grants are available through the federal government, state agencies and educational institutions.

Health Science Center (HSC)
Many of CBC’s Health Sciences classes are located in a facility in Richland at 891 Northgate Drive. See also Richland campus.

hybrid course
Course instruction is provided at a specific location on a specific day and time (as with face-to-face classes), and part of the course is also completed online either synchronously or asynchronously, depending on the course content. All students are expected to follow specific course policies and guidelines individually set by the course instructor. 

hyflex course
Course instruction is provided in three different modalities: face-to face, synchronously online, or asynchronously online, and students have the option to attend each class period in any of three modalities. Students sign up for one single class and choose how, when, and where they attend class to have an equitable learning experience regardless of the modality of their choice.  

incomplete
A temporary grade given to a student who is doing satisfactory work but is forced by illness or other emergency to miss an exam or a major assignment. The instructor and student arrange how and when the student will complete the work and have the I changed to a final grade. At CBC, the student must finish the incomplete work by the 20th calendar day after the beginning of the next quarter (does not include summer quarter).

independent study
An arrangement that allows a student to earn college credit through individual study and research, usually planned with and supervised by a faculty member.

instructional day
A contract day in which classes are scheduled for students and faculty.

instructional faculty
Faculty whose primary assignment is teaching. 

instructional year
Three consecutive academic quarters beginning with fall quarter.

internship
A supervised short-term apprenticeship or temporary job in a real-world setting closely related to a student’s field of study. The student may or may not be paid but earns college credit for the work experience. See also practicum.

in-service days
Up to ten contract days for all faculty, five of which are Welcome Week days and three of which are Teaching & Learning Days each year. In-Service days include scheduled activities, trainings and meetings, which promote personal, professional development, and/or support meeting College goals and objectives. Faculty members may have specific work assignments during In-Service days defined by division, department, or program needs.

junior
A student in the third year of a typical four-year bachelor's degree program (or one who has earned 90-135 quarter credits or 60-90 semester credits so far).

late start classes
Classes that begin after the official first week of the quarter.

learning outcomes
The knowledge, skills and abilities students will acquire at the course, program and institutional levels.

librarian faculty
Faculty who are employed as librarians.

loans
A type of financial aid that must be repaid to the government agency or other lending organization when the student leaves school.

lower division
The courses students are generally expected to complete during the first two years of a typical four-year bachelor's degree program.

major
Specialization in one academic discipline or field of study. At CBC, you will choose one of our eight school pathways.

Medical Science Center (MSC)
Many of CBC’s Health Sciences classes are located in a facility in Richland at 940 Northgate Drive. The Kadlec Regional Medical Center Family Residency Clinic is co-located at the MSC. See also Richland campus.

noncredit
Courses or instructional programs that do not require extensive homework or examinations and do not offer college credit. Students frequently take noncredit courses for basic skills improvement, training, career enhancement or personal enrichment.

non-instructional days
Days within the instructional year which the College is open, but there are no classes scheduled. These are not contract days for the instructional faculty. They may be contract days for the counselor and librarian faculty.

open admissions
The policy of some colleges to admit nearly all applicants, regardless of high school grades and admission test scores. It means different things at different schools. Community and technical colleges in Washington state admit anyone who is over 18 or has a high school diploma or GED®.

pass/passing
At most schools, a student will earn credit and pass a class with a grade of A through D. A student who earns an F grade fails the class and earns no credit. Different schools have different standards, so a student who passes a class with a D may or may not be able to use that class to meet prerequisites or fulfill requirements.

placement
The appropriate course level for a student to begin a sequence, based on their existing skills, commonly used in foundational subjects like mathematics or English composition. See also assessment.

postsecondary
Refers to all educational programs for students past high-school age; it includes community and technical colleges and job training programs as well as bachelor's colleges and universities.

practicum
A course that includes job-related activities and stresses the practical application of theory in a field of study. See also internship.

prerequisite
A course that must be completed (often with a minimum grade) or a skill that must be demonstrated before a student can enroll in a more advanced course (for example, first-year French is a prerequisite for second-year French).

professional/technical programs
A course or instructional program that emphasizes job skills training for a particular field of work; often called occupational, vocational, or workforce education and often contrasted with academic or transfer education.

program
A very general term used in many ways in a college or university:
(1) The courses that an individual student plans to take (the completion coaches can help you plan your program each year).
(2) The courses required to complete a particular degree or certificate (he’s almost finished with the Diagnostic Ultrasound program).
(3) The courses that make up a department or the departments that make up a division within the college organization (the Social Science Division at CBC offers instructional programs in many fields).
(4) Organized activities with a specific function (CBC offers support programs and services for students of color).

quarter
Some schools (including CBC) organize the academic year into three main periods—fall, winter and spring quarters—plus a shorter summer quarter (compare to semester).

records
Refers to all the information the college might keep regarding a student; it includes registration activity (enrollment, withdrawal, etc.), grades, payments, awards received, financial aid applications and award notices and notes on disciplinary actions, as well as address, phone number and student identification number.

refund
Tuition and fees that are paid back to a student who has withdrawn from a course. At CBC, the amount to be refunded depends on how many credits the student is taking and exactly when the student dropped the course(s). The refund policy is published in the catalog. Refund deadlines are published each quarter in the academic calendar.

register/registration
To enroll in a course or courses. Registration activity includes enrolling, dropping/withdrawing, making payments, etc.

requirements
Minimum standards defined by the college, for example for admission or graduation. See also prerequisite; distribution requirements; general education.

resident
For purposes of calculating a student’s tuition and fees, someone who has lived in the state for a specified length of time as shown by specified types of evidence.

restricted elective
Courses that are generally not transferable to a four-year institution, limited to 15 credits in AA/DTA/MRP degrees. At CBC, restricted electives are designated with an [RE] after the course title.

Richland Campus
Many of CBC's Health Sciences classes are located at facilities on Northgate Drive in Richland. See also Health Science Center and Medical Science Center. A variety of classes are offered in the RA Building at 901 Northgate Drive.

scholarship
A type of financial aid. Organizations may give scholarships according to academic achievement, financial need or any other basis. Usually there is a competitive application process.

section
A specific class with its own unique days, hours, location and instructor. A number of sections of a certain course may be offered during a quarter or semester, each with different days, times, locations and instructors but presenting the same curriculum.

self-paced
Start and complete competencies, assessments and assignments at the student's own pace. Learning is not tied to the pace of other students or due dates.

semester
Some schools organize the academic year into two main periods, fall and spring semesters, plus a shorter summer semester (compare to quarter).

senior
A student in the fourth year of a typical four-year bachelor's degree program (or one who has earned 135-180 quarter credits or 90-120 semester credits so far).

sophomore
A student in the second year of a typical four-year bachelor's degree program (or one who has earned 45-90 quarter credits or 30-60 semester credits so far).

syllabus
An outline plan for a particular class, including textbook requirements, class meeting dates, reading assignments, examination dates, the instructor’s grading standards, etc.

synchronous online
Course instruction is provided online on specific days and times assigned to the class. All students are expected to meet online in real time at scheduled class times.

teaching & learning days
Three scheduled days each instructional year during which faculty engage in assessment work required by the College’s assessment plan for accreditation purposes and/or in scheduled professional development activities related to scholarship of teaching and learning.

term
A unit of time that can refer to either a quarter or a semester, depending on which system the college or university follows.

TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language)
A standardized test that assesses the English language abilities of students who are not native English-speakers.

transcript
An official record of the courses and quarter credits a student has taken at a college or university, the grades and degrees or certificates earned and any awards and honors received.

transfer
To move from one college or university to another and have the second institution recognize and accept some or all of the courses taken and credits earned at the first.

tuition & fees
Tuition is a student’s basic payment toward the cost of instruction at a college or university. Most institutions also charge fees for laboratory equipment and materials, computer use, parking and other miscellaneous costs.

undergraduate
A student who has not yet earned a bachelor’s degree; also refers to the courses and instructional programs such a student enrolls in.

unrestricted elective
Academic courses that are generally transferable to a four-year institution, including any course from the AA/DTA distribution courses.

upper division
The courses students are generally expected to complete during the last two years of a typical baccalaureate degree program.

waiver
To waive a right or a claim is to voluntarily give it up.
(1) If a student meets specific criteria, the college may waive some of their tuition and fees (that is, some of the money owed to the college will be forgiven).
(2) If a student demonstrates certain knowledge and abilities, the college may waive a course prerequisite (that is, allow the student to take the class even though they haven’t completed the listed requirements for it).

WASFA (Washington Application for State Financial Aid)
The application required for undocumented individuals, who are not eligible for federal financial aid through FAFSA, to be considered for state student financial aid. The WASFA is processed free of charge and is used by most Washington state colleges and universities. A new electronic application is required for each academic year. WASFA applications are available on the Washington Student Achievement Council webpage

welcome week
Five scheduled In-Service days the week before the start of fall quarter in which faculty and staff attend keynotes and trainings, and campus, division and department meetings are held, as well as other sessions for professional development, personal growth, resources and operational support.

withdrawal
The process of formally dropping a class or classes after the quarter has started.

work study
A type of financial aid earned, paying students to work part time, often on campus, during the academic year.

workshop
A type of class offered by a variety of academic departments throughout the year; many are exploratory or one-time options. Most often they are zero credits.

X building
The X Building houses our Education classes, faculty and staff. The building is located at 1620 N. 20th Ave in Pasco.